Maa Anandmayi's book collection
YOGA AND PHILOSOPHIES
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{TEXT WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATION & CRITCAL EXPOSITION BASED ON CAKRAPANI DATTA'S AYURVEDA DIPIKA}
CHOWKHAMBA SANSKRIT SERIES OFFICE
VARANASI
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Yoga, India’s significant contribution to world culture, is generally regarded as limited to the physical exercises called Asanas—aimed at keeping oneself haelthy—but it is much more than these. There are four major Yogas, each catering to one kind of human variety, yet at realisationof Truth. Karma Yoga — is meant for the vast majority of average human being. Bhakti Yoga — comes easy to those whose emotional side is ever flowing. Raja Yoga — is for the educause of its thoroughly, & goes well with them because of its thoroughly developed system. Jnana Yoga — is for that miniscule section which regards it self as intellectual & keeps questioning even self evident things. They help in furthering every thought as well as system. Yoga is basically psycho-philosophical & scientific & has little of sectarian or religious in it. Vivekanada was the first modern teacher who presented & promoted these in the West. In fact it was his chief tool which influenced his audience & disciples most. The present collection of all the four yogas in his understand the subject in its totality & comprehensiveness.
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INTRODUCTION:- Two pandits entered the ashram to attend satsang. It was a cool, refreshing evening & large mat had been laid out on the lawn. The pandits were the first to the guru’s seat. Soon many other people arrived & whan the guru took his seat, the satsang began. Initially, the satsang was concerned with asana, pranayama & other yogic practices, but after some time the pandits said to the guru, “We’ve come here to discuss more important things; we have come to ask you about the philosophical implications of samadhi according to Patanjali”. The debate began. One pandit insisted. “Asamprajnata samadhi is surely the same as nirbeeja samadhi.” The other disagreed, “No, no you are totally wrong, they are different.” Each began to quote widely from various scriptures to prove their point of view & soon they were having quite a furious argument. SUTTA 1: Introduction to yoga. Atha yoganusaanam…. Atha: now therefore; yoga(regarding) yoga; anusasnam complete instructions. Now, therefore, complete instructions regarding yoga. Atha: We shall pause & try to find out why the author has used the world atha. He could have used atra yoganu-shasanam, which means, ‘have are instructions on yoga’, but he used the word atha. By this, it is meant that those instructions on yoga which follow will become intelligible, fruiful & also palatable to those whose hearts are pure & whose minds are at reat, otherwise not, those who have impure minds & wavring tendencies will not be able to practise what has been instructed in this shastra. Therefore, the word atha has been used in other to emphasize the necessity of qualifying oneself in karma yoga, bhakti yoga & other preparatory sysems. Yoga: The meaning of yoga follows in a subsequent sutra. Anushasanam: The actual word is shasanam, anu being a prefix to emphasize its completeness. Shasan is a word which means giving a ruling, command, order, instruction. The word shastra is developed from the word shasan. Shastra does not literally mean scripture. Shastra literally means a process of insructions & rulings. From the same word, another word has evolved-Ishwara, meaning ruler, governor, commander, & which is commonly used for God.
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A detailed commentary on Sage Patanali’s Yoga Sutras establishing YOGA BEYOUD ASANAS in his scipture Ashtanga Yoga INTRODUCTION:- WHAT IS YOGA? 1.The word Yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root “yuj” meaning to bind, join, attach & yoke, to direct & concentrate one’s attention on, to use apply. It also means union or communion. It is the true union of our of our will with the will of God. 2.IS YOGA A MEANS OR AN END? It is both is the process of taking us back home to our un-obscured true nature. Hence it is a means. Yoga is a state of Union. Hence it is the end. 3. IT YOGA A SCIENCE? Yoga is a science. It is not a vague, dreamy drifting or imagining topic. It is an applied science, a systematized collection of laws applied to bring about a definite end. It takesw up the laws of psychology, applicale to unfolding of the whole consciousness of man on every plane, in every world, & applies those rationally in a particular case. This rational application of the laws of unfolding consciousness acts exactly on the same principles that you see applied around you every day in other departments of science. 4. Is Yoga a religion? Is Yoga Hinduism? No. Yoga has nothing to do with religion. It is a systematic method of understanding one’s true self. Yoga accepts that God as a special person can be used by the seeker in sceking liberation. yoga is not Hinduism, as it is commonly known as. 5. IT YOGA A PHILOSOPHY? NO, it is not, in the sense of being a hypothesis. Instead it embodies mostly a practical do it yourself type of insturctions. 6. Is Yogs metaphysical? No, It does not bother about distant questions about lives, heaven & hell or God or Satan. Yoga is concerned with the ‘Now’, with the current problem caused by ignorance, called mind. It gives practical ways to avoid mental modifications so that perception becomes clear, so that one obtains freedom from bonding duality. 7. What is Patajiali Yoga about? Patanjali’s Yoga is essentially related to the mind & its modifications. It deals with training of the mind to achieve oneness with the Self. Incidental to this objective are the acquisition of siddhis of power. 8. What is the aim of Patanjalai Yoga? The aim of PatanjlaiYoga is to set man from the cage of matter, thus removing his ignorance. Mind is the hishest form of matter & man frred from this dragnet of chitta or Ahamkara (mind or ego) becomes apure being. The mind or Chitta is said to operate at two levels; intellectual & emotional. The aim is liberation. 9. Is Patajali Yoga & Hatha Yoha same? Some of the eight aspects (Ashtanga) like Asana & Pranayama that Patanjali prescribes as part of the steps towards spiritual progress, constitute a important part of Patanjali Yoga Sutras. These parts are so important that a whole branch of specialized knowledge has sprung up out of these two important aspects. That is what is now referred to as Hatha Yoga 10. What do we know about Patanjali? He lived a few millenniums before Gautam Buddha, & was a great philosopher. His best known work is Yoga Sutras or Aphorisms on Yoga. The path outlined is called Raja Yoga or the sovereigan path. It is so called because of the regal, noble method by which the self is united with the over self. 11. Is patanjali the originator of Yoga? Patanjali was not the author of Yoga. He has only commpiled & reformulated what was already orally given down the generations for centuries. He was the first to reduce the teachings to writing for the use of students & rightly so he is regarded as the founder of Raja Y 12. Is Yoga sutras a sermon? No. It is no preaching either. It is just a set of principles & dictums which when practised & followed lead the aspirant to the state of Union. 13. What is “Sutra’? Sutra means thread. Sutra in this context could be interpreted as a terse link or thread of essential points. These “threads” are extremely terse, stating concisely, & often concisely & precisely, essential points of yechniques. 14. In which language were the Sutras written? The yoga Sutras of patanali were originally weitten in Sanskrit which is an Indo-European language. Sankrit is the Indo-European languages still in active use. 15. Which are the early commentaries written on Patanjali Yoga?
Himduism is the oldest surviving religion in the world. The religious & philosophical literature of Hin-duism is vast diverse & covers thousands of years of accumulated spiritual experiences of Hindu Saints & Seers. This book presents the fundamentals Hindu reilgious & philosophical thought in a l-ogical & straightforward manner. The purpose being, to create a stroy book for further stody of hinduism. Hinduism, the religion of Hinduism (originally known as Sanatana Dharma), is the oldest surviving religion in the world. Unlike other religions of the world, Hinduism did not originate from a single person, a single book, ro at a single point in time. The religions & philosophical literature of Hindu r-eligion is vast, diverse, & covers thousandsof years of accumulated spiriual experiences of a lar-ge number of Hnidu sages & saints. Therefore, it is difficult, almost impossible, for a beginner to k-now where to star to learn about Hindu religion without screening volumes of literature.
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